Primary recycling allows the recovery of uncontaminated polymer residues with parameters corresponding to the starting material. There are many methods to manage the growing amount of plastic waste, including primary recycling (re-extrusion), mechanical recycling, and chemical reuse or the use of thermal methods that generate energy (combustion, pyrolysis, gasification) (Al-Salem et al. In EU, 75.1% of plastic waste was processed (32.5% recycling and 42.6% energy recovery) while 24.9% still was landfilled ( accessed 2020.04.09). Tighter regulations on waste management need to enforce recovery of materials and energy so as to meet the requirements of the circular economy project. Landfill space is limited and the amount of plastic stored is growing rapidly every year. In many countries, plastic waste is not managed and goes to landfills. It is predicted that this number will double over the next 20 years. Global production of plastics in 2018 amounted to 359 million metric tons (in EU 61.8 million metric tons) ( accessed 2020.04.09). The ubiquitous plastic is a source of huge amounts of waste, the management of which is a serious problem. Due to these features, plastics have been found applications in the production of packaging, automotive industry, electricity, construction, and transport, as well as in medicine, agriculture, or other areas. Their unquestionable advantage is the high mechanical strength, low density, low weight, easy processing, and low cost (Mwanza and Mbohwa 2017). Plastics are extremely versatile materials, so that the possibilities of their application are virtually limitless. Plastics have appeared in our daily lives around 100 years ago still they are indispensable materials with various properties and applications used at home, at work, traveling, or in their spare time. The work also included possible changes in the polymer material, which may occur during subsequent extrusions. The attention was paid to the recycling potential, existing commercial solutions, and programs related to the promotion of the idea of reuse of waste materials. The aim of this work was to review the possibility of reusing polymeric materials for 3D printing. One of the main wastes, which is currently a serious environmental problem, is plastic. Such practices decrease waste generation and enable material recovery as long as possible. Recycling is recognized as the most preferred option of waste management for reuse of the materials in order to manufacture new products (Mwanza and Mbohwa 2017). CE is designed to be a restorative and regenerative system, beneficial to society and economy, allowing for the reduction of natural resources, and waste and environmental pollution minimization, as well as for the recovery of materials and energy (Fig. This plan considers specific key targets, including recycling of municipal wastes at the level of 65% until 2030, recycling of packaging waste at the level of 75% until 2030, and reduction of landfilling to a maximum of 10% until 2030. The CE package lists five priority fields requiring specific action: plastics, wastes from demolition and construction, critical raw materials, food waste, bioproducts and biomass. In addition, commercially available filaments produced from recycled materials and devices which allow self-production of filaments to 3D printing from plastic waste were reviewed.Ĭircular economy goals were set for Europe in Circular Economy Package on 2 December 2015 (“EUR-Lex-52015DC0614-EN-EUR-Lex,” accessed 2020.04.09). The possibility of recycling of basic thermoplastic materials and the impact of processing on their physicochemical and mechanical properties were verified (Lanzotti et al. This paper focuses on a review of the available literature on the production of filaments for 3D printers from recycled polymers as the alternative to present approach of central selective collection of plastics. Printable filaments can be made from a variety of thermoplastic materials, including those from recycling. The 3D printing market is a well-growing sector. The possibility of reusing polymeric materials gives a possibility of valorization-a second life-and enables effective waste utilization to obtain consumable products. Along with their extended use, the problem of plastic wastes appeared because, after withdrawal from use, they became persistent and noxious wastes. Polymer materials have been found an application in many areas of daily life and industry. In recent times, the issue of plastic recycling has become one of the leading issues of environmental protection and waste management.
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